The spinolaminar line runs along the anterior edge of the spinous processes (at the junction of the spinous process and the laminae). The posterior longitudinal line runs along the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies. The anterior longitudinal line runs along the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies. There are multiple lines you need to assess across each of the three radiograph views which should run uninterrupted in healthy individuals. AdequacyĬheck the radiograph’s adequacy to ensure you are able to clearly see all relevant structures (you should be able to see from C1 down to the C7/T1 junction). InterpretationĪ structured approach to cervical spine X-ray interpretation is discussed below. If you are struggling to see down to the level of C7/T1, a fourth “ swimmer’s view” can be requested. Typically there are three standard views provided when a cervical spine X-ray is performed, these include a lateral, antero-posterior (AP) and odontoid/open-mouth view. Retraction: movement of the mandible, lips or tongue posteriorlyĭepending on patient presentation, a single view or orthogonal projections comprising of the list projections below may be performed to visualise the region of interest.You might also be interested in our premium collection of 1,000+ ready-made OSCE Stations, including a range of radiology interpretation stations ✨ Acquire all necessary views Protrusion: movement of the mandible, lips or tongue anteriorly Inversion: movement of the sole of the foot towards from the median plane Reposition: thumb repositioned back to the anatomic positionĮlevation: movement of the scapular superiorlyĭepression: movement of the scapular inferiorlyĮversion: movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane Opposition: thumb brought to oppose another digit Supination: movement of hand and forearm to bring the palm facing anteriorĬircumduction: circular movement of a joint using a combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction such that the distal limb describes a circle Pronation: movement of hand and forearm to bring the palm facing posterior Right lateral decubitus: lying on right sideįlexion: decrease in the angle of the jointĮxtension: increase in the angle of the jointĪbduction: movement of limb away from midlineĪdduction: movement of limb towards the midline Lateral decubitus: lying on one side, cassette is anterior/posterior Left lateral: left side touches the cassette Right lateral: right side touches the cassette Trendelenburg position: the patient is supine (on an inclined radiographic table) with the head lower than the feet The coronal plane: vertical plane perpendicular to the median planeĭivides the body into anterior and posterior parts The sagittal plane: vertical plane parallel to the median plane (or midsagittal plane)ĭivides the body into right half and left halves The axial plane (transverse or transaxial plane): horizontal plane perpendicular to the long axis of the bodyĭivides the body into superior and inferior parts Ipsilateral is on the same side of the bodyĬontralateral is on the opposite side of the body Superficial is towards the surface of the bodyĭeep is away from the surface of the body Proximal is towards the centre of the body (Latin: near)ĭistal is away from the centre of the body (Latin: far) Lateral is away from the midline (Latin: side) Medial is towards the midline (Latin: middle)Ĭompared with median which is in the midline rather than towards the midline Inferior is towards the bottom of the body (Latin: below) Superior is towards the top of the body (Latin: above) Posterior is towards the back of the body (Latin: after) Terminology Basic terms of relationsĪnterior is towards the front of the body (Latin: before) Standard nomenclature is employed with respect to the anatomic position. Radiographic positioning terminology is used routinely to describe the position of the patient for taking various radiographs.
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